Hardening a Windows 11 Workstation

Microsoft Windows 11 Hardening Steps As an instructor, I would propose a structured approach to hardening a Windows 11 workstation. Below are essential steps for administrators or advanced users looking to secure their systems. It is important to note that some steps require comfort with system administration and can affect system functionality, so caution and backups are advised.

Step 1: System Updates and Patch Management

Please ensure that Windows Update is turned on and set to automatically download and install updates.
Regularly check for and apply updates for all software installed on the workstation, not just the operating system.

Step 2: User Account Management

Could you create a standard user account for daily activities and use the administrator account only when necessary?
You should implement robust password policies and consider using a password manager.

Step 3: Enable and Configure Windows Defender or Antivirus Software

If using Windows Defender, please ensure it is turned on and up to date.
Configure real-time protection, cloud-based protection, and sample submission.
If using third-party antivirus software, please ensure it is compatible with Windows 11 and configure it according to best practices.

Step 4: Use Windows Security Features

Configure the Windows Firewall to block unauthorized access. Set up both inbound and outbound rules.
Enable and configure Windows Defender Exploit Guard, which includes exploit protection, attack surface reduction, network protection, and controlled folder access features.
Use BitLocker to encrypt all drives, especially those holding sensitive data.

Step 5: Network Security

Set up a VPN for secure remote access.
Use a network security tool to identify and close open ports that are not in use.
Enable Wi-Fi security (WPA3) if connecting over wireless networks.

Step 6: Privacy Settings and Telemetry

Adjust privacy settings to limit data sharing with Microsoft or other services.
Review and disable unnecessary telemetry and data collection services.

Step 7: Application Hardening

Uninstall any software that is not needed for the workstation's purpose.
Restrict application permissions to only what they need to function.
You can use Microsoft Store apps where possible, as they are vetted for security.

Step 8: Browser Security

Harden the web browser by disabling unnecessary plugins and extensions.
You can use or install an ad blocker and anti-tracking extensions.
Set up browser security features such as pop-up blockers and fraud protection.

Step 9: Secure Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)

If not needed, disable RDP entirely.
If RDP is required, enable Network Level Authentication (NLA) and set strong passwords or use a VPN to access RDP.

Step 10: Use Security Baselines and Group Policies

Implement the latest security baselines for Windows 11 provided by Microsoft.
Configure Group Policy settings to enforce security measures across the workstation, such as application restriction policies, user permissions, and password requirements.

Step 11: Monitor System Activity

Turn on and configure the Windows Event Log to monitor and audit system activity.
Regularly review security logs for any unusual or unauthorized activity.

Step 12: Regular Backups

Please set up regular system backups, making sure you can restore files and the system if necessary.
Store backups on a separate device or secure cloud storage with encryption.

Step 13: Education and Awareness

Please stay tuned about the latest security threats and trends.
Please make sure to educate users of the workstation on best practices, including safe browsing habits and recognizing phishing attempts.

Step 14: Prepare for Incidents

Have a response plan for security incidents.
Keep emergency contact information for IT support and know the steps to take if a security breach occurs.

Step 15: Disable or Remove Unnecessary Services

Disable services and features that are not essential for the system's purpose.
Turn off settings like Wi-Fi Sense, which automatically connects you to open networks.

Step 16: Physical Security

You can use device or cable locks to secure physical access to the workstation, especially for laptops.
Consider enabling the TPM (Trusted Platform Module) for additional hardware-based security features.

Step 17: Regular Auditing

Perform periodic security audits to identify and fix security gaps.
Keep a record of system security configuration changes to track your hardening efforts over time.

Step 18: Leverage Enhanced Security Tools

Explore additional security tools, such as the Enhanced Mitigation Experience Toolkit (EMET) or the equivalent in Windows 11, for added exploit protection.
Create a moving defense that adapts to evolving threats by consistently implementing and updating these steps. Maintaining a cycle of reviewing, testing, and enhancing these steps is crucial to ensure ongoing security for your Windows 11 workstation.